Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hope therapy and cognitive psychotherapy on depression in adolescent female students. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasiexperimental with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all first and second year female high school students in Khorramabad in the academic year 1397-1396, 18875 people. A total of 90 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups of 45 people. The first experimental group underwent 8 90-minute sessions of hope therapy and the second experimental group underwent 10 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. In the pre-test and post-test stages, the groups answered Beck Depression Inventory (1961) to measure the level of depression in the subjects and the data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-22 software. Findings: The results showed that both hope therapy and cognitivebehavioral psychotherapy reduced adolescent depression (P <0. 05). Hope therapy was more effective in reducing depression compared to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of both hope therapy and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in reducing adolescent depression, counselors, therapists and clinical psychologists can use both methods, especially hope therapy to reduce adolescent depression.

Objective The present study aims to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Intensive Short-Term Dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on death anxiety of women with breast cancer. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population includs all women suffering from breast cancer covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Gorgan, Iran in 2021. Of these, 30 were selected and randomly divided into two intervention groups of CBT and ISTDP and one control group. Ghorbani’, s death anxiety scale in Persian was used to measure death anxiety before and after the interventions. The intervention groups received the interventions at 11 sessions each for 90 minutes, while the control group put on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed by the analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 26. Results Both CBT and ISTDP were effective in reducing the death anxiety of patients (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between them (P>0. 05). Conclusion CBT and ISTDP can reduce the death anxiety of women with breast cancer. There is no significant diffrence between them.

The author proposes the practice of spiritual psychotherapy, which transcends but dose not preclude traditional modalities or strategies of treatment.The terms soul and spirit are distinguished as different transpersonal abstractions, yet are inextricably linked. The former aims at revealing the mystery of relatedness and intimacy in everyday life, the latter at finding the divine in universal life. For the spiritual therapist, these concepts are applied to a therapeutic context of care and compassion which means love and belief beyond oneself.More specifically, the way to soulfulness requires Love of Others, Love of Work, a94 Love of Bylonging, whereas, the way to spirituality requires Belief in the Sacred, Belief in Unity, and Belief in Transformation. By cultivating a soulful and spiritual existence, thus conducting one's clinical practice on the basis of these six tenets of transcendence, the therapist can guide the patient to reach his or her own authentic self.

Despite the fact that individuals with mental retardation experience the same type and range of emotional disorders as the nonretarded Population, the choice of counseling or psychotherapy as a viable treatment option is rarely considered with this Population. This is such that even some scholars have identified the emotionally disturbed population of individuals with mental retardation as one of the most undeserved populations in terms of receiving mental health services. Time and time again they have seen that Children and adolescents who also posses less well developed cognitive abilities are readily taken by mental health centers and private practitioners. Yet they also observed the hesitancy, reluctance, and direct opposition, that those same service providers exhibit when faced with client with mental retardation.As a goal this paper tends to attract practitioners attention to better provide for the mental and emotional problems of those retarded. So as our First part we will discuss beneficial features of counseling and psychotherapy and also we will talk about effective elements involved in the treatments, and at the end we will have a summary of what was said plus all the suggestions offered.